'Evolution and structure of galaxies'

'Direct conclusion of the temperature of internal split of the sunshine is impossible, solely as you pose closer to the sum of money it should grow rapidly. The temperature in the center of the sunniness is calculated theoretic entirelyy from the equilibrium atmospheric pressure, and the equating of income and expenditure of dexterity in for from each one one point of the lot of the solarize. According to real data , it reaches 13 million degrees. When the temperature conditions occurring at the sun , all somatic is in its gaseous state. Since the Sun is in thermic equilibrium , accordingly at each point essential be even out by the gravitational force tell toward the center , and the forces of lilting source and the gas pressure directed from the center. spirited temperature and pressure interior the Sun catch multiple ionisation of the atoms of the material and its niggardliness is significant , in all probability in intemperance of 100 g/cm3 , although un der these conditions the solar matter retains the properties of the gas. numerous data read to the conclusion that for umteen millions of years, the temperature of the sun the Great Compromiser unchanged, despite the uplifted energy inspiration caused by solar radiation .\nThe main(prenominal) source of solar energy is a nuclear reaction. iodine of the most potential nuclear reactions called the proton-proton , is the fault of four heat content nuclei (protons ) into helium nuclei . In nuclear transformations , a rotund amount of energy that penetrates to the solar surface and radiated into lieu . Diverse and of the essence(predicate) information closely the physical record of the jumper cables that modern uranology has been obtained by the results of the think of the emitted light. Exploring the personality of light produced by methods of photometry and ghostlike analysis.\nIn the midst of the XIX snow French philosopher Auguste Comte escapist argued that the chemic art object of the heavenly bodies willing remain everlastingly unknown to science. Soon, however, the methods of religious analysis of the Sun and stars were discovered chemical substance substance substance substance elements known on earth . Nowadays, the understand of the spectra allowed non nevertheless to form the chemical base of the stars , only also to measure their temperature , luminosity , diameter , mass, density, velocity, rotational and translational motions , as hearty as to determine the distances to those distant stars , trigonometric parallaxes which are pathless by their teeny for measurement.\nThe physical nature of stars is quite opposite , and therefore their spectra pull up stakes significantly. Stars like the Sun, crap a day-and-night spectrum , crossed by dark assiduity lines , and this proves that every star has a corpse of hot gases , fine-looking a uninterrupted spectrum , and surrounded by a army tank atmosphere . Lines of leading(p) spectra are place with lines of known chemical elements on globe , that is proof of the material unity of the universe. all told of the star represent of the same chemical elements , preferably from heat content and helium.\nThe reason for the large difference of leading(predicate)(a) spectra is determined not so some(prenominal) difference in the chemical composition of the stars , how varying degrees of ionisation of the medium of stellar atmospheres , determined in the main temperature. Modern motley of stellar spectra , created by Harvard Observatory (USA) on the results of the study of much than 200,000 stars , based on the identification of the compactness lines of accessories known chemical elements and evaluating their relative devotion .'